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Journal of the American Veterinary... May 2017
Topics: Aging; Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Male; Plasmacytoma; Tracheal Neoplasms
PubMed: 28414594
DOI: 10.2460/javma.250.9.993 -
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory... Apr 2019The International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting is a nonprofit organization whose mission is to develop evidence-based, universally available surgical pathology... (Review)
Review
Data Set for the Reporting of Carcinomas of the Hypopharynx, Larynx, and Trachea: Explanations and Recommendations of the Guidelines From the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting.
The International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting is a nonprofit organization whose mission is to develop evidence-based, universally available surgical pathology reporting data sets. Standardized pathologic reporting for cancers facilitates improved communication for patient care and prognosis and the comparison of data between countries to progressively improve clinical outcomes. Laryngeal cancers are often accompanied by significant morbidity, although surgical advances (such as transoral endoscopic laser microresection and transoral robotic surgery) provide new alternatives. The anatomy of the larynx is complex, with an understanding of the exact anatomic sites and subsites, along with recognizing anatomic landmarks, being crucial to classification and prognostication. This review outlines the data set developed for the histopathology reporting in Carcinomas of the Hypopharynx, Larynx and Trachea and discusses the main elements required and recommended for reporting.
Topics: Datasets as Topic; Humans; Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Pathology, Clinical; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Research Design; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Tracheal Neoplasms
PubMed: 30500292
DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2018-0419-SA -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Jan 2020
Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Horse Diseases; Horses; Tracheal Neoplasms
PubMed: 31841096
DOI: 10.2460/javma.256.1.59 -
Canadian Association of Radiologists... Feb 2015A variety of pathologic processes can involve the central airways. Abnormalities may either diffusely or focally involve the tracheal or mainstem bronchial walls.... (Review)
Review
A variety of pathologic processes can involve the central airways. Abnormalities may either diffusely or focally involve the tracheal or mainstem bronchial walls. Diseases that diffusely involve the tracheal wall can be subclassified as sparing the membranous trachea or circumferentially involving the tracheal wall. Focal diseases of the trachea and mainstem bronchi include benign and malignant causes. Additionally, congenital and acquired morphologic abnormalities of the trachea will be reviewed.
Topics: Amyloidosis; Bronchi; Bronchography; Carcinoma; Foreign Bodies; Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis; Humans; Osteochondrodysplasias; Papilloma; Polychondritis, Relapsing; Sarcoidosis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Trachea; Tracheal Diseases; Tracheal Neoplasms; Tracheal Stenosis; Tracheobronchomegaly; Tracheomalacia
PubMed: 25623009
DOI: 10.1016/j.carj.2014.08.003 -
Korean Journal of Radiology Oct 2020This study aimed to determine the sonographic features suggestive of extrathyroidal extension (ETE) of thyroid cancers.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to determine the sonographic features suggestive of extrathyroidal extension (ETE) of thyroid cancers.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed the sonographic images of 1656 consecutive patients who had undergone thyroidectomy in 2017. The diagnostic performance of sonographic features suggestive of ETE was evaluated using operation and histopathologic reports. Sonographic features for gross ETE to the strap muscle and minor ETE were assessed for thyroid cancer abutting the anterolateral thyroid capsule. Sonographic features for tracheal invasion were assessed according to whether the angle between the tumor and the trachea was an acute, right, or obtuse angle. Sonographic features for recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) invasion were assessed based on the association between the tumor and tracheoesophageal groove (TEG) as preserved normal tissue, abutting or protruding into the TEG.
RESULTS
ETE was observed in 783 patients (47.3%), including 123 patients with gross ETE (7.4% [strap muscle, n = 97; RLN, n = 24; and trachea, n = 14]) and 660 patients with minor ETE (39.9%). Regarding the diagnosis of gross and minor ETE to the strap muscle, sonographic features of replacement of the strap muscle and capsular disruption showed the highest positive predictive value (75.9% and 58.5%, respectively). Thyroid cancer forming an obtuse angle with the trachea had the highest sensitivity for the diagnosis of tracheal invasion (85.7%), and thyroid cancer protrusion into the TEG showed the highest sensitivity for the diagnosis of RLN (83.3%).
CONCLUSION
Sonography is considered beneficial in the diagnosis of ETE to the strap muscle, trachea, and RLN. Assessment of ETE is important for the accurate staging of thyroid cancer, which in turn determines the extent of surgery or whether active surveillance is appropriate or not.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Cranial Nerve Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle Neoplasms; Preoperative Care; Retrospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyroidectomy; Tracheal Neoplasms; Ultrasonography; Young Adult
PubMed: 32729261
DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2019.0983 -
Environmental Health Perspectives Apr 1984Some of the recent work in pulmonary carcinogenesis is briefly reviewed. Morphologic studies of neoplastic and preneoplastic lesions of the human bronchi are compared... (Review)
Review
Some of the recent work in pulmonary carcinogenesis is briefly reviewed. Morphologic studies of neoplastic and preneoplastic lesions of the human bronchi are compared with similar studies of carcinogenesis and epithelial regeneration in the hamster trachea. These studies suggest that bronchogenic carcinomas are typically complex mixtures of three basic phenotypes, the epidermoid and the mucous and dense-core granulated (endocrine) phenotypes. Pure forms of these phenotypes are rare, as different cells and even individual cells in single tumors express more than one phenotype. The clinical significance of such phenotypic variability is not yet known. Bronchial cell types which retain the capacity to divide include the mucous cell, the basal cell and perhaps the dense-core granulated cell. Studies of epithelial regeneration and preneoplastic lesions suggest that the mucous cell may be pivotal both in the response to injury and in carcinogenesis. Cigarette smoking is believed to be the major etiologic factor in bronchogenic carcinoma. Cigarette smoke contains initiators of carcinogenesis, but it contains a plethora of probable promoters and cocarcinogens as well. It is hypothesized that cigarette smoke may both initiate bronchial cells and promote carcinogenesis in cells which have previously been initiated by smoke or other factors. It is further hypothesized that that mucous cell is the major target for initiation and subsequent tumorigenesis. The ultimate phenotype(s) displayed by the tumor is suggested to result from the effect of microenvironmental factors upon the initiated cell and its progeny.
Topics: Animals; Bronchi; Bronchial Neoplasms; Carcinogens; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Neoplasm Transplantation; Neoplasms, Experimental; Phenotype; Precancerous Conditions; Trachea; Tracheal Neoplasms
PubMed: 6376112
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.845577 -
Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery Apr 2007We evaluated the ability of 3D-CT and virtual bronchoscopy to estimate trachea stenosis in comparison to conventional axial CT and fiberoptic bronchoscopy, with a view... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
We evaluated the ability of 3D-CT and virtual bronchoscopy to estimate trachea stenosis in comparison to conventional axial CT and fiberoptic bronchoscopy, with a view to assist thoracic surgeons in depicting the anatomical characteristics of tracheal strictures.
METHODS
Spiral CT was performed in 16 patients with suspected tracheal stenoses and in 5 normal subjects. Tracheal stenoses due to an endoluminal neoplasm were detected in 13 patients, whilst post-intubation tracheal stricture was observed in the other 3 patients. Multiplanar reformatting (MPR), volume rendering techniques (VRT) and virtual endoscopy (VE) for trachea evaluation were applied and findings were compared to axial CT and fiberoptic bronchoscopy. The accuracy of the procedure in describing the localization and degree of stenosis was tested by two radiologists in a blinded controlled trial.
RESULTS
The imaging modalities tested showed the same stenoses as the ones detected by flexible bronchoscopy and achieved accurate and non-invasive morphological characterization of the strictures, as well as additional information about the extraluminal extent of the disease. No statistically significant difference was observed between the bronchoscopic findings and the results of axial CT estimations (P = 1.0). No statistically significant differences were observed between bronchoscopic findings and the MPR, VRT and VE image evaluations (P = 0.705, 0.414 and 0.414 respectively).
CONCLUSION
CT and computed generated images may provide a high fidelity, noninvasive and reproducible evaluation of the trachea compared to bronchoscopy. They may play a role in assessment of airway patency distal to high-grade stenoses, and represent a reliable alternative method for patients not amenable to conventional bronchoscopy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biopsy, Needle; Bronchoscopy; Case-Control Studies; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Middle Aged; Probability; Severity of Illness Index; Statistics, Nonparametric; Tomography, Spiral Computed; Tracheal Neoplasms; Tracheal Stenosis; User-Computer Interface; Young Adult
PubMed: 17430592
DOI: 10.1186/1749-8090-2-18 -
Environmental Health Perspectives Jun 1990A review of the literature and an update that is in progress of a previous retrospective cohort mortality study of the styrene-1,3-butadiene industry are discussed. The... (Review)
Review
A review of the literature and an update that is in progress of a previous retrospective cohort mortality study of the styrene-1,3-butadiene industry are discussed. The follow-up has now been extended from April 1, 1976, through December 31, 1981, for plant B and December 31, 1982, for plant A. The person-years at risk of death have gone from 34,187 to 43,341 in plant A and from 19,742 to 26,314 in plant B. Among the death certificates received to date, observed deaths have increased in both plants, with increases in cancers of the trachea, bronchus and lung and in lymphosarcomas, reticulosarcomas, and cancers of the overall lymphatic and hematopoietic system.
Topics: Bronchial Neoplasms; Butadienes; Chemical Industry; Cohort Studies; Elastomers; Humans; Leukemia; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphoma; Male; Neoplasms; Occupational Diseases; Retrospective Studies; Styrenes; Tracheal Neoplasms
PubMed: 2205482
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.9086103 -
General Thoracic and Cardiovascular... Dec 2020We experienced a surgical case of a rare primary tracheal tumor. A 77-year-old woman visited a local clinic with chief complaints of coughing, wheezing, and discomfort... (Review)
Review
We experienced a surgical case of a rare primary tracheal tumor. A 77-year-old woman visited a local clinic with chief complaints of coughing, wheezing, and discomfort in the throat. Computed tomography revealed a mass measuring approximately 1.5 cm in the mediastinal trachea, extending from the membranous portion of the trachea to the esophagus. Bronchofibroscopy showed a flat, smooth-surfaced, round mass arising from the membranous portion. Surgery was performed because of the possibility of airway obstruction and suffocation. Sleeve resection of five tracheal rings was performed via median sternotomy and interrupted suture was performed using 3-0 absorbable suture material. The postoperative course was favorable and there has been no evidence of recurrence. The pathological diagnosis was solitary fibrous tumor. A primary solitary fibrous tumor of the trachea is extremely rare. Here, we report this disease with a literature review.
Topics: Aged; Bronchoscopy; Female; Humans; Solitary Fibrous Tumors; Sternotomy; Suture Techniques; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Trachea; Tracheal Neoplasms
PubMed: 31848901
DOI: 10.1007/s11748-019-01274-5 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2023Primary tracheal tumors are rare, constituting approximately 0.1-0.4% of malignant diseases. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) account for... (Review)
Review
Primary tracheal tumors are rare, constituting approximately 0.1-0.4% of malignant diseases. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) account for about two-thirds of these tumors. Despite most primary tracheal cancers being eligible for surgery and/or radiotherapy, unresectable, recurrent and metastatic tumors may require systemic treatments. Unfortunately, the poor response to available chemotherapy as well as the lack of other real therapeutic alternatives affects the quality of life and outcome of patients suffering from more advanced disease. In this condition, target therapy against driver mutations could constitute an alternative to chemotherapy, and may help in disease control. The past two decades have seen extraordinary progress in developing novel target treatment options, shifting the treatment paradigm for several cancers such as lung cancer. The improvement of knowledge regarding the genetic and biological alterations, of major primary tracheal tumors, has opened up new treatment perspectives, suggesting the possible role of biological targeted therapies for the treatment of these rare tumors. The purpose of this review is to outline the state of knowledge regarding the molecular biology, and the preliminary data on target treatments of the main primary tracheal tumors, focusing on salivary-gland-derived cancers and squamous cell carcinoma.
Topics: Humans; Tracheal Neoplasms; Quality of Life; Salivary Glands; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Molecular Biology
PubMed: 37511133
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411370